American Journal of Medical and Clinical Sciences. 2022;
7(3):(71-106)
Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis, a Great Imitator: Case Report
Adolfo Boada, Stephanie Plaza and Renzo Nervi
Abstract
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XPN) is an atypical form of chronic pyelonephritis,
characterized by the destruction of the renal parenchyma and its replacement with a
chronic infiltrate of lipid-laden macrophages [1]. The clinical presentation is nonspecific
and variable. Consider clear cell carcinoma, sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma, renal
tuberculosis, renal lymphoma, renal or psoas abscess, actinomycosis, renal cystic disease,
and emphysematous pyelonephritis [2,3]. We present the case of a 59-year-old female
patient, with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections, who came to our center due
to severe anemia (5gr/dl), weight loss of 10 kg in 2 months, night sweats and weakness,
concomitant sudden-onset lumbar pain and hematuria, after multiple studies, a diagnosis
of PNX was made, which was confirmed by anatomopathological study.
