Do Patients Have Free Will? A Clinical-Philosophical Essay on Adherence, Addiction, and the Bounds of Choice
Julian Ungar-Sargon
Abstract
The question of patient agency in medical contexts
demands frameworks that transcend the sterile dichotomy between mechanistic
determinism and abstract libertarian autonomy. This essay builds upon my
previous work on hermeneutic medicine, therapeutic tzimtzum, and the
sacred-profane dialectic to reconceptualize patient agency as a relational,
emergent phenomenon rather than an intrinsic property. Drawing on recent
neuroscience (readiness potentials, addiction neurobiology), clinical realities
(adherence challenges, chronic pain), and Jewish mystical theology (tzimtzum,
Shekhinah, the broken vav), I argue that the therapeutic encounter itself
creates the possibility space within which patient agency emerges. This framework
has immediate implications for addiction treatment, medication adherence, and
the moral dimensions of clinical practice, suggesting that the physician's role
involves not assessing pre-existing capacity but co-creating conditions for
maximal patient agency through therapeutic presence and sacred attention.